Tenofovir – Essential Insights for HIV, Hepatitis B and PrEP

When working with Tenofovir, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV and chronic hepatitis B. Also known as Viread, it forms a cornerstone of modern antiviral therapy.

In the context of HIV, human immunodeficiency virus infection that attacks the immune system, Tenofovir blocks the virus’s ability to copy its genetic material. This suppression lowers viral load, helps preserve CD4 counts, and reduces the risk of disease progression. Because it belongs to the NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) class, it is often combined with other antiretrovirals to create potent, single‑pill regimens.

For patients with Hepatitis B, a chronic liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), Tenofovir offers a powerful antiviral effect that can prevent liver damage and lower the chance of cirrhosis. The drug’s high barrier to resistance makes it a first‑line option, especially for those with high HBV DNA levels. Dosing is usually once daily, and monitoring liver enzymes helps track treatment response.

One of the most talked‑about uses of Tenofovir today is in pre‑exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). When paired with emtricitabine, the combination—often branded as Truvada—provides a daily shield against HIV infection for at‑risk individuals. Clinical studies show a >90% reduction in new HIV cases when taken consistently. This preventive strategy relies on the same viral‑blocking mechanism that makes Tenofovir effective in treatment.

Safety is a top priority, and Tenofovir does come with a few considerations. Kidney function should be checked before starting and regularly during therapy, because the drug is cleared through the kidneys and can cause tubular toxicity in some users. Bone mineral density may also be affected, so patients with osteoporosis risk need extra monitoring. Staying hydrated, avoiding nephrotoxic medications, and reporting any unusual urine changes help mitigate these risks.

Drug interactions can alter Tenofovir’s effectiveness. Concomitant use of certain antivirals, some anti‑inflammatory drugs, and medications that affect kidney transporters may increase toxicity. Adherence is equally crucial—missing doses can lead to viral rebound and the emergence of resistant strains. When resistance does occur, switching to a different class of antiretrovirals is usually required.

Practical tips for anyone prescribed Tenofovir: take the tablet with a full glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach for better absorption, and keep it out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature, away from excess heat or moisture. Discuss any history of kidney disease, bone loss, or other chronic conditions with your doctor before starting therapy, and keep all lab appointments for blood work.

Key Takeaways

Whether you’re managing HIV, treating chronic hepatitis B, or using PrEP to stay safe, Tenofovir offers a proven, once‑daily solution backed by decades of research. Understanding its mechanism, safety profile, and the importance of adherence empowers you to make the most of this medication. Below you’ll find a curated collection of articles that dive deeper into specific comparisons, side‑effect management, and real‑world experiences with Tenofovir and related therapies.